Psychological impact on dental students and professionals in a Lima population during COVID-19s wave: a study with predictive models
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Fecha
2022Autor(es)
Cayo Rojas, César Félix
Morales‑Montoya, Mariana
Córdova‑Limaylla, Nancy
Briceño‑Vergel, Gissela
Ladera‑Castañeda, Marysela
Garcia‑Luna, Goretty
Cachay‑Criado, Hernán
Cervantes‑Ganoza, Luis
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Peru was the country with the highest COVID-19 case fatality rate worldwide during second wave of
infection, with dentists and pre-professional students being susceptible to infection due to clinical
procedures they perform. This situation could have generated some kind of psychological disorder
within this group. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess how COVID-19 pandemic afected this
population group during second wave, in relation to depression, anxiety and stress. This observational
and cross-sectional study in 368 Peruvian dentists (186 students and 182 professionals), was carried
out during August to November 2021. The DASS-21 Scale was used to diagnose depression, anxiety
and stress. For the statistical analysis, Pearson’s chi-square test was used, in addition to a logit model
using odds ratio (OR) to evaluate depression, anxiety and stress with the following factors: gender,
age group, marital status, monthly family income, children, academic level, history of COVID-19,
COVID-19 symptomatology, close relative with COVID-19, living with vulnerable people and work
dedication. In addition, predictive models were constructed considering all possible signifcant causes.
A signifcance level of p< 0.05 was considered. Dental students and professionals presented signifcant
diferences in levels of depression, anxiety and stress (p< 0.001, p= 0.022, p= 0.001; respectively).
Male students were 56% less likely to develop stress (OR 0.44; CI 0.22–0.85) compared to females;
while those unmarried were 81% less likely to develop stress (OR 0.19; CI 0.04–0.85). Likewise, those
with children were 83% less likely to develop stress (OR 0.17; CI 0.06–0.52) and 65% less likely to
develop depression (OR 0.35; CI 0.15–0.80). In addition, COVID-19 asymptomatics were 60% less
likely to develop depression (OR 0.40; CI 0.17–0.92). However, having relatives with COVID-19 caused
almost three times the probability of developing depression (OR 2.96; CI 1.29–6.79) and twice the
probability of developing stress (OR 2.49; CI 1.07–5.78). As for dental professionals, it was noticed that
those unmarried had almost three times the probability of developing stress (OR 2.93; CI 1.38–6.23);
while those who only worked had twice the probability of developing stress (OR 2.37; CI 1.17–4.78).
Dental students had a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress. In addition, having children
and being asymptomatic were protective predictors for depression, while being male, unmarried and
having children were protective predictors for stress. However, having a relative with COVID-19 was a
risk predictor for depression and stress. In professionals, only working and being unmarried were risk
predictors for stress.
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